Compare and Contrast the demographic and environmental...

Comparative Essay The Columbian exchange affected many regions all over the world. The Americas and Europe were similar in their changing population densities caused by diseases and goods. Also Europe and the Americas both benefited from the exchange of foreign crops and livestock across the Triangle trade routes. However, Europe and the Americas were different in their migration of peoples. The effects of the Columbian Exchange was similar in Europe and the Americas because of their changing population growth and the diffusion of goods to each country but differed in their expansion of territory. The Americas and Europe were similar because both of†¦show more content†¦The introduction of horses to Native Americans changed their life in both good and bad ways. The reason for this is because horses made farming more efficient. Horses could pull plows that were too heavy for the Natives. Horses also gave the Native Americans advantages in war by providing them a height advantage over their enemies. However, horses also brought many diseases that killed off most of the Natives. Tobacco is a great example of a new product thatShow MoreRelatedNespresso Co. Analysis15084 Words   |  61 Pagesand the service). The first ones expire in 2012, until then, the company as a complete monopoly. Nespresso is giving licenses to several industrial companies (such as Krups, Magimix, Alessi and Saeco in France) in order to produce the machines in exchange for royalties. The machines are then sold in malls, and all kinds of store selling household electrical applicants (Darty, Boulanger in France). However, the distribution of the capsules is completely different. The capsules are only sold in â€Å"confidential†

The Aeneid-the Role of Fate - 2139 Words

Fate is the essential idea of The Aeneid, but more importantly, the underlying force throughout the text. Fate cannot be changed; it is the set of events with the inevitable result. Virgil uses the idea of fate to narrate and advance through his epic poem, but perhaps also to illustrate that the gods had originally intended for Rome to become a great and powerful empire. The king of gods, Jupiter, has chosen Aeneas and his preordained path to destiny, by leading the Trojans and creating the foundations for the Roman Empire. However, a variety of gods interfere with Aeneas’s direction of fate in order to satisfy their own desires, only to discover that Aeneas’s fate can be manipulated, but never overturned. Aeneas is born from the gods†¦show more content†¦Perhaps the most significant example of the importance of fate in The Aeneid happens in Book VI; the golden branch. Aeneas and his fleet arrive on the coast on Cumae in search of the Sibyl at the Temple of Apollo. Following his father’s instructions, Aeneas asks the Sibyl to gain him entrance to Dis so he may visit his father’s spirit. However, in order to enter Dis with any possibility of returning, Aeneas must first locate a sign to gain him access across the Acheron River. The Sibyl then explains to Aeneas that the sign is a golden branch in a nearby forest, if the branch breaks off the tree easily then fate awards Aeneas a pass into the underworld. If the branch does not break off then Aeneas is not destined to go. A bough is hidden in a shady tree; its leaves and pliant stem are golden, set aside as sacred to Proserpina. The grove serves as its screen, and shades enclose the bough in darkened valleys. Only he may pass beneath earth’s secret space who first plucks the golden-leaved fruit of that tree. Lovely Proserpina ordained that this be offered her as gift. And when the first bough is torn off, a second grows again – with leaves of gold, again of that same metal. So let your eyes search overhead; and when the bough is found, then pluck it down by hand as due: for if the Fates have summoned you, the bough will break off freely, easily; but otherwise, no power can overcome it, hard iron cannot helpShow MoreRelatedEssay The Role of the Gods and Fate in Virgils The Aeneid1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of the Gods and Fate in Virgils The Aeneid Are the deeds of mortal characters in the Aeneid controlled by the gods or by fate? Aeneas must fulfill the will of the gods, while enduring the wrath of other gods, all the while being a worthy predecessor of Augustus and founder of the Roman people. Of course, the Trojan is successful because he gives himself up to these other obligations, while those who resist the will of the gods, Dido and Turnus, die sad deaths. Juno, the queen ofRead MoreThe Aeneid By Virgil Is An Epic War Poetry1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe Aeneid by Virgil is an epic war poetry written in the 19 B.C.E based on the Trojan War. The poem narrates a story of a Trojan who visited Italy where he came the Romans’ ancestor. In the context of the poem, gods have much quoted manipulating; plotting and working against humans they abhor (Virgil Ferry, n.d.). Despite the god s cunning behaviors, their actions end up putting destiny back on its proper course. Gods, future, and fate are essential aspects of Greek epic poetry .in most GreekRead MoreThe Aeneid By Virgil Aeneid1689 Words   |  7 PagesVirgil’s Aeneid was written in a time of political and social transition in Rome, which influenced the epic poem in a political way. Aeneid was written only a couple years after the civil war where a lot of people had started to lose faith in the greatness of Rome. Virgil’s intensely political poem concentrates on the theme of Rome’s greatness and particularly with the reign of the new emperor Augustus Caesar as the re-founder of glorious Rome. Throughout the poem Virgil used prophecies to makeRead MoreFate : Fate And Fate In Virgils Aeneid1637 Words   |  7 PagesVirgil’s Aeneid, tells the story of Aeneas, the hero and object of fate who is also well known for fitting every description of a classic epic hero. He is of noble and supernatural birth, he faces and successfully overcomes temptations, and he acts as the vessel the gods wish him to be. Although Aeneas frequently makes his own life decisions, it can still be argued that no single aspect of his life was untouched by fate, predictions, or prophecy. Fate directs the main course of action as theRead MoreMotives Of The Aeneid1371 Words   |  6 PagesObserving the Aeneid reveals that the gods played in an important role in interceding alongside Aeneas. There is a prevalent endeavor amongst the gods including the difficulty to accept a predestined fate, or the frustration with a fellow god. The endeavor of the gods is a consistent theme throughout the Aeneid, and presents the critical role that Romans believed the gods had in their assistance to found Rome. JUNO Motives of Juno Preceding the storyline of the Aeneid is the tensionRead MoreThe Origin Of Man s Relationship With The Divine Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagescontrasting views of the infamous Trojan war through the Roman Aeneid and the Greek Iliad, both of which enjoyed immense popularity within each respective culture. While the Romans borrowed their gods from other cultures, they certainly held different conceptions of them. The Hellenistic gods were washed of their Greek odor and tailored to fit Roman ideals. In the Aeneid, gods are constrained by the notion of a divine plan, or Fate. After each thwarting, Juno often makes a comment alluding to thisRead MoreFitful and Changing: Femininity in Virgils Aeneid813 Words   |  4 Pagesmythologies could be representative of the cultural views and habits of the Greeks, specifically regarding gender roles. One such representaton is Virgils epic Aeneid, which contains depictions of women in positions of power, and also characterizes these women as irrational, emotional to the point of hysteria, and consequently, unfit rulers. Historically, much information about the role of women came out of Athens, where women were expected to center their life around oikos, or the home, where aRead More Destiny in the Aeneid Essay549 Words   |  3 PagesDestiny in The Aeneid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fate, in the Ancient Greek and Roman world, was one of the great unchangeable powers that stand above even the gods in the hierarchy of supernatural forces. The Greeks and Romans thought that the Fates were three ancient women who spun the web of destiny together. Each man’s life is a thread, and the fates would draw it out and cut it as they saw fit. The gods themselves had to obey the Fates, for even they had golden threads. Fate plays a very large role in Virgil’sRead More Promoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesPromoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses    Just as the authors of the Bible use an evocative, almost mythological vehicle to convey covenants and laws that set the moral tone for Hebrew and Christian societies, Latin poets Virgil and Ovid employ a similarly supernatural method to foster their own societal and moral goals in Roman society. Where Virgils Aeneid depicts Aeneas as the ideal, duty-bound Roman patriarch absent from the conflicted Rome of Virgils youth, Ovids MetamorphosesRead MoreVirgil s Aeneid And Homer s Odyssey1436 Words   |  6 PagesIn Virgil’s Aeneid and Homer’s Odyssey we observe two opposing views, the defeat of the Trojans and the victorious Greeks. Nevertheless, we get parallel plots in the form of the hero’s journey. Each hero faces many obstacles to reach their fate. With both heroes having the ultimate goal of reaching their homeland or in Aeneas’ case finding a new home. There are many similarities such as both Odysseus and Aeneas sailing the same sea, and visiting som e of the same location such as; the underworld

Information System Personal Branding & Self-Promotion

Question: Discuss about the Information Systemfor Personal Branding Self-Promotion. Answer: Alternative Career Paths in Technology There are many alternative career paths in technology which can be chosen by those who are involved in technology. The alternative careers include auto repair as today many of the vehicles are driven by technology, teaching as the professionals of technology have deep knowledge about the subject and they can guide students to embark a career (Boh et al. 2016). It also indulges managements as the professionals may be interested in having own shop and managing it perfectly, cosmetology as technicians can deal with real people and real tissues plus they can get instant results and research and development as the IT field always needs enhancements. Personal Branding Self-Promotion Personal branding of an individual is referred to the values that the person stands for or the offerings that the individual delivers on a constant basis. It is like the trademark of an individual which should be maintained and protected. Personal branding is not the same as self-promotion. An individual has to work on many levels in order to build a personal brand and which the first level indulges knowing oneself in and out (Vallas and Cummins 2015). Then comes the way to communicate with the audience in order to achieve target. Value is the key factor, which separates personal branding from self-promotion. Vendor Certification or Academic Qualification? Why not both? Both qualification and certification have their own significance in an individuals career. Certain circumstances occur where both of them matter equally. Qualification specifies that a person can perform the consequences of the job offered or not whereas certification tells whether the paper or education indicate the person to be appropriate for the job or not. Hence, both vendor qualification and academic certification has their roles and responsibilities in an individuals career (Seifi et al. 2017). But qualification often matters as a person can prove himself/herself if he/she has been properly qualified. There are many benefits of having a mentor at initial stage of any professional career as- The employee can consult the mentor for any type of advice and thus make less mistakes in the profession It reduces the isolation of the employee at the workplace. Any new employee may not know much people at the workplace and may feel lonely. This may cause distraction in the work. Thus, having a mentor can make the employee feel less lonely or isolated. The employee can get career advices and productivity increment suggestions from the mentor. After the mentoring procedure, employees can become more self-directed and can handle the circumstances of their own which can help the organization to increase the productivity and evolve in a positive way. The mentored employee understands the information of sharing of information and collaboration between the employees of the organization and hence can help the organization to increase the productivity (Eby et al. 2015). An environment of cultural and professional growth can evolve in the company. References Boh, W.F., De-Haan, U. and Strom, R., 2016. University technology transfer through entrepreneurship: faculty and students in spinoffs.The Journal of Technology Transfer,41(4), pp.661-669. Eby, L.T., Butts, M.M., Hoffman, B.J. and Sauer, J.B., 2015. Cross-lagged relations between mentoring received from supervisors and employee OCBs: Disentangling causal direction and identifying boundary conditions.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(4), p.1275. Seifi, M., Gorelik, M., Waller, J., Hrabe, N., Shamsaei, N., Daniewicz, S. and Lewandowski, J.J., 2017. Progress Towards Metal Additive Manufacturing Standardization to Support Qualification and Certification.JOM,69(3), pp.439-455. Vallas, S.P. and Cummins, E.R., 2015. Personal branding and identity norms in the popular business press: Enterprise culture in an age of precarity.Organization Studies,36(3), pp.293-319.

Two Ways To Belong In America Essay Example For Students

Two Ways To Belong In America Essay Two Ways To Belong In AmericaThe topic that I choose is ?Two Ways to belong in America. My personalexperiences with different culture and Bharatis relationship with her sisterare very similar to my own; however I have different experiences in the marriageand feelings of belonging. Bharati and I have one obvious similarity, which iscoming from a different culture outside United States. She was born and grew upin India. She came to the U.S. after she graduated from university of Calcutta. I was born and grew up in Egypt, and came to the U.S. after I graduated fromUniversity of Alexandria. In India the maim language is English because thereare so many languages and the main custom in clothe is Sarie. In Egypt the mainlanguage is Arabic and the second language is English. The clothes are very muchlike here on the U.S. except in the holidays most people like to wear thetraditional clothes. Bharatis observation on the relationship between sistersis similar to my own experiences. She states, ?Mira and I have stayed sisterlyclose by phone. In our regular Sunday morning conversations, we are unguardedlyaffectionate? (341). This is one of my main weaknesses. I have my sister wholives in Egypt and I always call her every two weeks. We talk about everythingand anything. I like to know what is going on with her life and she likes toknow what is going on with my life too. Although my experience in the way I gotmarried is similar to Bharati, which is marrying the American way, my personalexperience with marriage is different from the authors. She stayed happilymarried, maybe because she married a person who is on the same level ofeducation as her. She said, ?I married a fellow student, an American ofCanadian parentage? (341). For me I was not happily married and I am a singlemother now. I think that is because I married a person who is different from mein so many ways. In the beginning I thought he was the one, but after marriagethe wax melted and the real him appeared. One of the main problem I could notget over was how he left five kids behind him and not even an ounce of guilt inhis consciousness. Another difference between the authors experience and myexperience is the way of belonging. She said, ?I need to feel like a part ofthe community I have adopted ( as I tried to feel in Canada as well)? (342). We will write a custom essay on Two Ways To Belong In America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Bharati and I differ, because I have been moving around so many times it is sohard for me to feel connected and then move again. This feeling started in Egyptand I have had hard time getting over it. Although I was born in Egypt, theauthorities did not consider me as an Egyptian. So I had been always treated asan outsider even though I had obeyed all the rules, I had paid my taxes, and Iloved my work and my neighbors. I loved my Egyptian friend that I made. Then Imoved to Yemen and I lived there for 6 years. I really loved the people their,and my best friend but I always had been treated as a foreign person. I thinkthat is why it is so hard for me to feel belong.

Sexual Harassment and Cultural Diversity Essay Example

Sexual Harassment and Cultural Diversity Essay The following paper is discussion about how sexual harassment policies address issues of cultural diversity. Additionally, events have been added which have created such policies. The following paper is discussion about how sexual harassment policies address issues of cultural diversity. Additionally, events have been added which have created such policies. During the past few decades, a lot of attention has been given to sexual harassment and cultural diversity socially and academically. (Livingston, l982) Cultural diversity and sexual harassment have recognized to have a negative effect on job satisfaction and supervisor satisfaction. At first, women were not allowed to be given a good position where jobs were concerned, but now women have been given a chance in the managerial rankings. (Sheeran, l996)Certainly, there appears to be cultural contradiction, which originates in the desire of men to ensure promiscuity for themselves and chastity for women. (Podsakoff Todor, l985) The conventional perception of masculinity states that men are strong, controlling, and aggressive, whereas women by contrast are fragile and submissive. Additionally, Judo-Christian culture, indirectly proposes what females should remain pure until they are not married. Many of previous ideas have now been formalized into beliefs and a part of the society. Out of these, we can say that few have even effect the workplace. (Sheeran, 1996)It is the intention of this research to illustrate existing stereotypes of males and females regarding sexual behavior, and to investigate how these stereotypes have an effect on punishment for Sexual harassment and cultural diversity in workplace. (Morris, l997)DiscussionFor girls and women, sexual practices were the key markers of their status, in the same way that criminal activity marked boysEven though precocious or excessive heterosexual activity was not condoned for boys, it was never condemned in the way that it was for girls. (Podsakoff Todor, l985) Sexually transgress women in Ireland are demonized and branded as exotic, part of plan to demean as well as demoralize sexually liberated women who do not obey the rules of the stereotype of virgins or chaste mothers.Men have been portrayed as having relative freedom from sexual inhibition. As result, ambition, lust, as well as aggression have been viewed as positive male characteristics.Sex has been suggested as one influence in the disciplinary process. Â  An example could be that people are even more motivated in putting women behind bars for their wrong doings and make them suffer by giving them harsh punishments. Â  (Podsakoff Todor, l985) It is actually incredible stigma for grandmother to know that her grandchildren have always had to live with the knowledge of their grandma being in prison, or is granny gone bad. Podsakoff and Todor (l985) proposed no less than five types of subordinate influence on the disciplinary method: performance levels and capability, sex, em ployee appeal, likableness, as well as ingratiation. (Morris, l997) Supervisor attributions have been shown to have an effect on the kinds of punishment and its severity. (Schneider Swan, l994)Status incongruency hypothesis, which proposes that cultural distinctiveness lives in hierarchy males have additional positions than women, and inside sex Chinese, American, blacks, whites, people from Mexico and Japan are hierarchically positioned by race might shed light on how women harassers are seen as, as regards to men and women harassees. (Podsakoff Todor, 1985) Concepts of gender, united with ranking incongruency, propose that females might be more insensitively penalized for harassment, predominantly for harassing males.The lawful battle against sexual harassment in the U.S. has been explained as feminisms vast victory. The fight has mainly taken place in the courtroom, in the company of the civil law of sex prejudice, actionable under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 1964, the weapon of option. (Morris, 1997) But since its very early stages, sexual harassment law has aggravated discussion, condemnation, and resentment in the U.S. , and these analyses come from range of resources. The regulation of sexual harassment in the U.S. also initiated in sex discrimination regulation, but has not aggravated similar point of discussion. Continental Europe has, in general, been less amenable to advice about the biased problems of sexual harassment, even though general anti-bullying actions intended to contest behavior, frequently known as mobbing or ethical harassment have struck well-liked chord as an offend to human self-respect, and led to lawful exclusion. (Morris, 1997)In line with previous gender point of views, outcomes showed somewhat of dual standard. Through history, man has been seen as the figure who is responsible for harassing women and this harassment has been seen as being dangerous instead of a woman harassing a man. Although the crime of a woman har assing a man is though to be more offensive than a woman harassing the same sex. (Coles, 1986) Results taken as complete either propose that the idea of chivalry is living and fine, and/or that fresh lawsuits (for example Anita Hill and the Smith-Barney boom-boom room gossip) have focused on Sexual harassment and cultural diversity of women as mutually enveloping and serious crisis. (Podsakoff Todor, 1985) As the exposure theory proposes, awareness of women and sexual behavior might be varying because of socio-political circumstances plus the media. The exposure theory disagrees that considering larger figures of minority crowds in non-traditional positioned (e.g, director, self-sufficient self-governing woman, and plaintiff) will alleviate bias, because stereotypes are functioning in the nonattendance of information. Particularly, lack of information may add to bias since decisions are frequently based on unenthusiastic stereotypes. (Podsakoff Todor, 1985)The Queen Bee Syndrome c laims that due to of statistical bias, or affinity of firms to preserve only little number of slots at the firms peak for women, women as an assembly will rate the activities and presentation of other women more insensitively than the presentation of men. (Schneider Swan, 1994) substitute clarification for the potential of women to insensitively condemn each other is noticed in position incongruency hypothesis. Women who have internalized conventional communal views are extra probable to provide other women with lesser ratings and extra rigorous penalty than they ought to have. (Morris, 1997)Sexual harassment takes place at the workplace more often than we think so. Many employees leave due to this reason as they that they can not bring a change in something that has always taken place. In order to make sure the employees are in a safe environment, steps have to be taken in order to ensure that an employee is safe, physically and mentally, when in the organizations premises. Sexual harassment can be avoided at workplace by many methods. One of these ways includes Sexual Orientation. After learning about sexual orientation, employees believe that the workplace is a safe environment to work at. They feel safe and they have a higher level of cooperating in the working environment. Sexual harassment can also be avoided by training and prevention method. In this method, employees are taught to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy behavior. Additionally, they are also taught how to deal with both the circumstances. This method helps the employees to keep the workplace far from harassment at any given time.Many employees are unaware about cultural diversity and they believe it was just their luck that they were sexually harassed. Many Asians believe they can not work at a place where Americans or African-Americans are working. Through these different cultural diversity programs that are offered to the employees, human characteristics are not a topic that is g iven much attention by the employees from different cultures. This helps to create awareness among the employees working within an organization.Many companies with employees from different cultures are successful today because workplace diversity is not an issue for them to ponder on. What really matters is that the employees should be skilful and should be able to retain quality through out their career. This translates into satisfaction on the employees end and a comfortable environment for them to work in.ConclusionI believe, as firms carry on expanding, more investigation concerning biases (mainly considering to career derailment) is necessary. Sexual harassment policies of sexual harassment as well as cultural diversity alongside of race and gender, and dimensions like handicapped, age, and personality are essential to respond to the sorts of queries raised in this paper. (Podsakoff ; Todor, 1985)ReferencesMorris, L. (1997). The male heterosexual: Lust in his loins, sin in his soul? Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Sheeran, P., Spears, R., Abraham, C. S., ; Abrams, D. (1996). Religiosity, gender, and the double standard. The Journal of Psychology, 130, 23-33.Livingston, J. . (1982). Responses to sexual harassment on the job: Legal, organizational and individual actions. Journal of Social Issues, 38, 5-22.Schneider, K. T., ; Swan, S. (1994, April). Job-related, psychological, and health-related outcomes of sexual harassment. Paper presented at the Symposium on Sexual Harassment at th Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Nashville, TN.Coles, F. S. (1986). Forced to quit: Sexual harassment complaints and agency response. Sex Roles, 14, 81-95.Podsakoff, P. M., ; Todor, W. D. (1985). Relationships between leader reward and punishment behavior and group productivity. Journal of Management, 11, 55-73.

Free Essays on Soc

Social movements When George Wallace took office of as the governor of Alabama, he declared â€Å"segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever†, transformed our society with social movement. Social movement is a conscious effort to bring about or prevent changes. (470) Social movement are more structured than other forms of collective behavior, although they might not be centrally matched. The civil rights movement has within it numerous organizations, recognized leaders, and sets of roles and statuses. A group of people can stand together and protest for a couple of hours, but a movement can last for years. Most social movements try to make changes, but they get unfair changes. In chapter 15 social movement is classified into four types. The first one is Revolutionary movement, is for total major change in society. Revolutionary movements typically resorts to violence or some other illegal action. The second one is Reform movements, look for only a incomplete change in society. They support the existing social system as a whole, but they try most to improve the system by taking away its blemishes, most through legal issues. The third type is Resistance movements, which look to preserve an existing system by refuse to go along with social change. For example the Ku Klux Klan try to racial integration. The four type is Expressive movement, wants to change the individual, not the society. Most are religious, aimed at converting individuals to particular faith. (448) The causes of social movement are that there are so many thing for people to do in the world like work, shop, hunt, etc.. According to Eric Hoofer’s frustration theory people that participate in social movements are troubled and use social movement for a scapegoat to hid away from their own problems. That many lead us to the answer to the question in chapter 15 asking (Why would people instead spend their time promoting a social movement?)... Free Essays on Soc Free Essays on Soc Social movements When George Wallace took office of as the governor of Alabama, he declared â€Å"segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever†, transformed our society with social movement. Social movement is a conscious effort to bring about or prevent changes. (470) Social movement are more structured than other forms of collective behavior, although they might not be centrally matched. The civil rights movement has within it numerous organizations, recognized leaders, and sets of roles and statuses. A group of people can stand together and protest for a couple of hours, but a movement can last for years. Most social movements try to make changes, but they get unfair changes. In chapter 15 social movement is classified into four types. The first one is Revolutionary movement, is for total major change in society. Revolutionary movements typically resorts to violence or some other illegal action. The second one is Reform movements, look for only a incomplete change in society. They support the existing social system as a whole, but they try most to improve the system by taking away its blemishes, most through legal issues. The third type is Resistance movements, which look to preserve an existing system by refuse to go along with social change. For example the Ku Klux Klan try to racial integration. The four type is Expressive movement, wants to change the individual, not the society. Most are religious, aimed at converting individuals to particular faith. (448) The causes of social movement are that there are so many thing for people to do in the world like work, shop, hunt, etc.. According to Eric Hoofer’s frustration theory people that participate in social movements are troubled and use social movement for a scapegoat to hid away from their own problems. That many lead us to the answer to the question in chapter 15 asking (Why would people instead spend their time promoting a social movement?)...

Global Issues for Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Issues for Accounting - Essay Example Analysis has also been done in respect of the changes experienced in the wage levels and the methods adopted by the workers to escape the crisis scenario existing in the labour market. Labour markets have never been stable in the Organization for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) nations such as Australia. Rapid changes in the economy and emergence of globalization have caused significant changes in the labour market. Globalization has facilitated organizations to move to nations where labour is available at cheaper rates. Investors are seen to consistently search for economical ways of production. Moreover, free trade, shared market agreements and technological innovations have rendered many labourers jobless while allowing others to prosper. Manufacturing jobs in Australia, which were unionized, have lost the union protection with the emergence of globalization. Workers are now forced to shift outside developed economies and move to less developed nations in search of job opportunities. Although globalization has led to the development of a common platform for economic growth across the world, low end workers have not been provided with many benefits. As more multinational manufacturing organizations operating in Australia are shifting to locations where labour costs are low, an increasing number of labourers are becoming jobless (Webster, Lambert and Beziudenhout, 2011). The labour market and work opportunities available in the Australian market have changed drastically in the past decade. Although manufacturing concerns have been shifting out of the Australian economy and towards cheaper production locations such as China and India, the service sector has been growing substantially in the Australian market. However the service sector has remained successful in providing mainly part time jobs than full time jobs. Many workers in Australia have been forced to take up early retirement or t

Neuroscience Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Neuroscience - Research Paper Example Hence more research is warranted in the field of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of depression. The article is about a study by Ming-li et al (2011) in which the researchers examined the efficacy and also the safety of sleep electroencephalogram modulated repetitive rTMS (SEM-rTMS group) for the purpose of treatment of depression. This was a randomized controlled trial in which 164 patients were divided randomly into 3 groups. The patients recruited were those with a diagnosis of depression defined clinically. Psychoactive medication was stopped 7 days prior to the trial. The 3 groups were sleep electroencephalogram modulated repetitive rTMS group, the conventional rTMS group and the sham rTMS group. Patients in each of the assigned groups were treated with the assigned treatment for 30 minutes every day for 10 days. 24-item Hamilton rating scale for depression was used for evaluation of response to treatment and clinical outcome. The results of the study show ed that in the SEM-rTMS group, 21 cases showed significant clinical improvement according to the scale when compared to 6 in the C-rTMS group and only 2 in the sham-rTMS group.

Making Organizational Theory and Design Effective Assignment

Making Organizational Theory and Design Effective - Assignment Example Additionally, each section can adopt best standards, approaches, and procedures for quality management. Primary organizational design approaches, however, may create conflicts between competing managers. The retail business is organized into functions and executives who could be having diverse interests head these sections; this may spur conflicts of interest in managing the retail business (Jones, 2013). The best organizational structure for the retail business is the team structure. Employees are divided into groups and each group work on assigned projects or develop solutions; the team leader reports the outcomes of the team to the management. Team structure encourages accountability, both within the team and to the management of the retail business. There are several organizational trends associated with the retail business; the trends that I fear most include flattening hierarchies and decentralizing responsibility. I think these trends may increase the number of people participating in decision-making, leading to complex processes of making management decisions. The trend that I could welcome is increasing adaptation. Increasing adaptation is the best trend for retail business of the 21st century because it has encouraged Wal-mart Inc., for example, to form focus groups, react to stakeholders’ concerns timely, and provides trainings crucial for continuous

The Great Gatsby | Critique

The Great Gatsby | Critique Be not afraid of greatness: some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. This quote voiced by William Shakespeare is a popular idea among many all over the world. Whether this idea is true or not, one thing is certain. Jay Gatsby in the novel The Great Gatsby was truly a great figure. Greatness is a definite and identifiable quality. Modern-day greatness can be defined in four points. Firstly, having honesty and integrity. More elaborately, having enviable qualities and a strong conviction to stand up for what is right. Furthermore, making the world a better place than you met it. And lastly making a positive impact in your world even when you have passed on. Gatsby was not an honorable and noble man. His dishonesty about his true identity and background puts his greatness in question. Ill tell you Gods truth, I am the son of some wealthy people in the Middle West-all dead now. I was brought up in America but educated at Oxford, because all my ancestors have been educated there for many years. He further continues to say, My family all died and I came into a good deal of money. The truth concerning his background is exposed later on in the novel, where Nick narrates James Gatz-that was really, or at least legally, his name. He had changed it at the age of seventeen His parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people-his imagination had never really accepted them as his parents at all. Clearly all of what he claimed to have been has been proved false. Even Nick affirms to Gatsbys falsehood when he says Moreover he told it to me at a time of confusion, when I had reached the point of believing everything and nothing about him. Furthermo re, Gatsby cannot be considered noble because he aspired to take another mans wife. I suppose the last thing is to sit back and let Mr Nobody from Nowhere, make love to your wife. Gatsby didnt make the world a better place than he met it. His illegal businesses only helped make others lives worse. Youre one of that bunches that hangs around Meyer Wolfshiem A great a man wouldnt be carrying out illegal business with a criminal. Further evidence that Gatsby had made peoples lives miserable, was when Tom said, And you left him in the lurch, didnt you? You let him go to jail for a month over in New Jersey. Moreover, like Nick said, if Gatsbys partnership had included the Worlds Series transaction 1919 then that transaction would finally support that Gatsby never made his world a better place. The last mark of greatness, that Gatsby didnt possess, was that he didnt make a positive impact even while he was dead. This was unveiled when no one showed up to his funeral. The minister glanced several times at his watch, so I took him aside and asked him to wait for half an hour. But it wasnt any use. Nobody came. No normal person dies without anybody coming to their funeral, not to talk of a great person. Not even his closest companion, Meyer Wolfshiem, attended his funeral. Let us learn to show our friendship for a man when he is alive and not after he is dead. Furthermore, when Gatsby died the world continued as though he never even existed. Gatsbys house was still empty when I left the grass on his lawn had grown as long as mine. However, could it be possible that the word great in The Great Gatsby could mean something more than the modern meaning of the word? Could it be that Gatsby was truly great in reference to a certain aspect of his existence? Although he may not fit the present day meaning of the word, Gatsby can be described as great. Gatsby is admired and idolized in the eyes of only one character in the novel-Nick. If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life Nick has some deep insight into the character of Gatsby. For example when he comments on Gatsbys smile saying, It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life. It is evident, that Nick admired several aspects of Gatsby. One of such aspects was Gatsbys ability to make a new identity for himself when he needed to be someone else. So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old boy would be likely to invent, and to his conception he was faithful to the end. He did whatever was necessary to attain this new identity. Practise elocution, poise and how to attain ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Read one improving book or magazine per week. Another one of such aspects that Nick commended was Gatsbys romanticism. it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person and which it is not likely I shall ever find again. In a world where moral standards were deteriorating and where true love was lacking, Gatsby was a shining example. For Gatsby, the fulfillment of the American Dream was to possess Daisy Buchanan, a woman whom Gatsby perceived as an ideal wife, the golden girl, the kings daughter, a grand prize, and a perfect match. It excited him that many men had already loved Daisy-it increased her value in his eyes Gatsby was overwhelmingly aware of the youth and mystery that wealth imprisons and preserves, of the freshness of many clothes, and of Daisy, gleaming like silver, safe and proud He found her excitingly desirable. Gatsby never deviated from his aspiration of winning Daisy, even in the face of opposition and stark reality. Nick admired that along with Gatsbys steadfast determination. And lastly, Nick admired Gatsbys dedication to making his dreams a reality. Gatsby was willing to give everything for this dream. Gatsby knew he would need wealth to get Daisy, so he established a business that would give him prosperity. Moreover, he bought a house right across the bay from Daisy, just so he could be close to her. Not to mention how he hosted parties, night after night just so he could find Daisy. His unwavering optimism, even when Daisy had clearly rejected him and chosen Tom, was worthy of praise. I suppose Daisyll call too. His dreams had always sustained him and increased his perseverance. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him. Nick was impressed by Gatsbys ability to live for and purse one dream, which he didnt realize was unachievable. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in th at vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night. Nick overlooks all of Gatsbys flaws and shortcomings and sees a greatness in Gatsby that no other character recognizes. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. Finally, we could say that Gatsby is not a man of honor and integrity. But however, he was the one that decided to take the blame for running over Myrtle, which eventually cost him his life. Gatsby might not have made the world a better place than he met it, however like Gatsbys father said If hed of lived, hed of been a great man. A man like James J. Hill. Hed helped build up the country. And although he didnt make a lasting impact even when he was dead, he did while he was alive, especially on Nick. In conclusion, despite his shortcomings, flaws, and unfortunate outcome, his unfailing love and strong drive for success are what make him, Jay Gatsby of West Egg, great.

Environmental Factors of Human Growth Essay

You often hear the word environment, but do you stop to think what it really means, what it contains, and how it affects you? The actual definition of environment is the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded (Merriam-Webster dictionary). Your environment greatly impacts the way you are as a human being. Each and every one of your life experiences are influenced by your environment. Your environment determines if or how your potential to develop is reached. Family, friends, home, school, etc. re all components of your environment. By reading further, you will witness these factors that affect your personal growth and development being explored and discussed. FAMILY When children are very young, and spend most of their time with their parents and/or other family members family is usually the major human influence in their life. This is also true about most children when they get older and grow into adulthood. Families provide a nurturing environment in which security, protection, satisfaction, and love are given. Physical needs for food and clothing are met. In this environment family members grow to maturity. In a proper family environment a child has positive surroundings, including positive people. when a child is cared for and loved he/she gets ample nutrition, clothing, shelter, rest, interaction/attention, etc. these things help the child grow physically and mentally. the child is surrounded by positivity, therefore the chances of the child maturing into a positive individual are very high. however if a child is raised in an improper family environment, most likely, the opposite will result. e/she will be deprived of the opportunity to fully develop, and has a higher risk of harboring negativity as they age. In the early years families need to meet a baby’s physical, emotional, and social needs because they are helpless on their own. Eventually, babies discover they are independent and can do things on their own. Family members can provide an environment that promotes the growth of independence and set tasks for children to do by themselves. Families can also help children learn how to fit into their surroundings. An environment with well defined limits helps young children learn to control their own behavior. A household with reasonable rules and regulations set by parents/guardians gives children a sense of how to be well behaved. The teen years are years of self discovery for teens as they start to depend less on their families. One way your family can encourage your growth as a teen is to allow opportunities to make personal decisions. Taking more responsibilities helps you develop the capability to make your own choices. An encouraging and supportive family environment can help you develop healthy relationships with others. This is because you get knowledge about the way relationships work from your family. It is very hard to develop relationships with any other person if a strong family relationship isn’t established. Family Structure: The way a family is structured affects the way a child is raised. For example, a child may only live with one parent, a step parent, their grandparents; there are many combinations of a family structure. Changes in family structure can often affect the family’s ability to provide a stimulating environment and can either be negative or positive. There may be more or less money, time/family members to listen, share, encourage, and guide each child. Siblings: Brothers and sisters can be a source of fun, conflict, or competition. They can also learn from each other. Siblings usually continue to interact with each other into adulthood, which can be beneficial to the both of them. Siblings learn to share and cooperate when they interact which, when learned young, instills these habits so that children can share and cooperate with others throughout life. CULTURAL HERITAGE Your family’s guidelines and beliefs are part of your heritage. The holidays, food, and religion your are accustomed to are part of your culture. Families pass on their customs and traditions to their children. Your culture and heritage usually help determine many decisions you make in your future. For example, most of the friends you make and keep will probably be of the same heritage and culture you come from. The places you go, like church, celebrations, festivities, etc. are determined by your cultural background. Multicultural influences can altar your relationships with family members as well as impact your values and expectations for your future family. Odds are, if or when you have children you will transfer those same beliefs and traditions that you are used to to them. SCHOOL A quality school environment provides a setting that encourages students to learn and grow. After school activities can provide chances for students to interact with others in clubs or sports. Class curriculum offers courses that stimulate students’ intellectual growth. Teachers in a quality school environment encourage students by helping them find areas in which they succeed. Teachers also help students find areas in which they need to improve. By doing so, they help students know what decisions to make regarding how to get the most efficient education for them and how they learn best, especially when they get to college. PEERS By interacting with your peers you can make judgements about how you look because you begin to compare your appearance to theirs; how important you are because you compare how much attention they get with how much you get, and how successful you are. The friends you choose now are likely the kind of friends you will make later in life. Your peers can also influence the plans you make for your future. Good friends usually like to stick together so you’ll often make similar choices about things like school, clothing, activities, mutual friends, etc. Sometimes your peers make choices that you feel are not right for you. This gives you a sense of things you’re comfortable with and things you’re uncomfortable with. COMMUNITY There are many different types of communities. Each one has its own influence on the people that live there. The community environment is influenced by resources available. Industries or business provide job opportunities for community members. A low crime rate and pleasant surroundings make residents feel secure and protected. And shopping facilities offer convenience. Also, factors like air quality and cleanliness in general affect the health of community members. Growing up in a community with many resources tends to make a good impression on those that reside there. When that is done, people stay in that community. This prevents constant moving and drifting, so the chance to remain established and comfortable is given. TECHNOLOGY Technology is used in our lives everyday. New technologies influence the items you buy, clothes you wear, and things like that. The biggest way new technology has impacted our society is the fact that it has resulted in a higher standard of living. For example, more goods are cheaper, labor-intense jobs are less popular, and health care has improved. Technology can be a negative thing too. Dependence on technology can cause people to judge their quality of life by material things and money, which can lead to the neglect of the growth of personal relationships. Technology can also cause people to take their intelligence for granted. Technological thinking patterns can cause people to think of quick fixes to real life issues that take thorough thinking. This doesn’t usually work out well. MEDIA Television, radio, movies, videos, newspapers, magazines, etc. are sources of entertainment and information that affect peoples lives. Media can influence people’s thoughts, viewpoints and decisions without them even being completely aware of the affect it has on them. For some members of society, the people on television are models for them to imitate. They also provide an image for developing friendships and relationships. These images are often false and unrealistic, which causes people to have superficial personalities and appearances. The effects of advertising include how yous spend your money, and choices you make about the items you purchase. Ads stimulate sales and goods of services from different companies so that they can make a profit and establish a good company name. Advertisers are well aware of what appeals to certain people because they do extensive research on these things. Being aware of how advertisements influence you in your daily life can help you make wiser choices.

Disguise Is Often Presented as a Cruel and Painful Practice. to What Extent Do You Agree That Disguise Is Used to Create Comic Moments in Twelfth Night?

Disguise is often presented as a cruel and painful practice. To what extent do you agree that disguise is used to create comic moments in twelfth night? Shakespeare incorporates the technique of disguise in the twelfth night to create comedic elements in the play; however some may argue that the concept of disguise is often cruel as it creates confusion and misconceptions that could lead to serious consequences. In Shakespearian times the role of women was restricted to usually their own homes and this was the case on the stage in Shakespeare’s plays.All of the actors were men even in the women roles. This could be one of the first techniques of disguise that Shakespeare used that could portray comedy as a man in a feminine role is comedic however, it also puts across confusion especially in plays like the twelfth night where characters like Viola plays a role as a male persona. Viola is the main and obvious element of disguise in the twelfth night. She creates the comic aspec t of the play as dramatic irony is depicted because none of the characters know that Cesario, the person who she has created through her disguise, is really a woman.Her character creates a sort of love triangle between her, Olivia and Orsino but she can reveal nothing in fear of exposing her identity, â€Å"whoe’er I woo, myself would be his wife† (Act 1 Scene 4). The cruel and painful practice is uncovered through this as Olivia doesn’t know that the person she is falling for is in fact a women and Viola can do nothing to let her know this, leading Olivia on into something that can’t happen. This is also the case with Viola as she can’t proclaim her love for Orsino.Shakespeare creates torment mainly in the mind of Viola as the fate is ultimately in her hands but the disguise has restricted her. The constraint of her identity is a problem or arguably the comedic side of the twelfth night. In act 3 scene 4 Sir Toby create a duel between Sir Andrew a nd Viola against both their wills, â€Å"Sir Andrew and Viola draw their swords†. The disguise has gone against her as all the on looking characters believe that Sir Andrew is fighting a man when it is actually a woman which no one would consider fair, another example of where the hidden identity leads to a cruel practice.The idea of Viola dressing up as a man in the first place could also be considered a cruel practice as it shows that she is aware that her being a women she may be disregarded socially which is why she takes on the disguise in the first place, this highlights the patriarchal society in Shakespearian times that reflects on the play. Malvolio is another character who takes on some sort of disguise in the hope of pleasing the supposed wishes of his lady Olivia, â€Å"I thank my stars, I am happy!I will be strange, stout, in yellow stockings, and cross gartered, even with the swiftness of putting on. Jove and my stars be praised! † (Act 2 Scene 5). Maria, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and Feste all trick Malvolio into wearing the clothes that lady Olivia hates and Malvolio being naive and arrogant falls for this. The outcome was meant to be comedic for Maria and her friends and the audience also share the laughs simply because of foolishness of Malvolio and the new dress sense he takes.The way in which this comedy came about however, came from a very malicious plan orchestrated by Maria as the idea of trickery was involved which caused Malvolio to believe that Lady Olivia loves him. The audience who also share the comedy can’t help but feel some sort of remorse for Malvolio. Malvolio putting on the cross gartered yellow socks lead him to being put away in the so called prison. Feste takes the role of Sir Topas the priest in order to trick Malvolio into thinking that he has gone insane, â€Å"Sir Topas the curate, who comes to visit Malvolio the lunatic† (Act 4 Scene 2).The room in which Malvolio is locked into is dark so he cou ldn’t see if it were actually Sir Topas even though we know it isn’t. Feste didn’t have to take the disguise of Sir Topas but rather just sound like him, this shows the effect of a disguise as he chooses to dress like the priest to possibly get into character to portray the character more clearly. This is very cruel as Feste uses trickery and confusion to show Malvolio to be something he’s not and also make him believe that a Priest is consulting him.Ultimately the technique of disguise is often used to create a hidden identity and confusion between characters, Shakespeare however, uses this technique to create comic elements as well. As brought up before we find that the sexual confusion love triangle between Olivia, Orsino and the Viola/Cesario character creates comedy. Olivia as we know falls for Cesario who’s a women, but we also find that Orsino may be attracted to Cesario in a way, in plain terms this is acceptable as she’s a women but he addresses her as a male which raises the question of what Shakespeare is trying to outline.This is shown â€Å"That say thou art a man: Diana's lip Is not more smooth and rubious; thy small pipe Is as the maiden's organ, shrill and sound, And all is semblative a woman's part† (Act 1 Scene 4). Shakespeare may be trying to achieve something more than comedy by saying that disguise may bring out other elements. The other aspect of comedy was explored when Malvolio was tricked by the letter into wearing the disguise which consequently caused the imprisonment of him, which could then be argued is a painful practice.The disguise of Viola also causes the cruel treating of Antonio as he claims to have been with Viola/Cesario for 3 months and that they were together when they came to the town and Orsino and Viola clearly know that she has been working with Orsino, the confusion between Viola and Sebastian because of the disguise is evident; â€Å"Today, my lord and for three mont hs before no int’rim, not a minute’s vacancy, both day and night did we keep company† (Act 5 Scene 1).When all disguises from Viola’s to Feste’s and the reason behind Malvolio’s disguise is all revealed Shakespeare once again brings order after all had gone astray. There is no comic factor when all is exposed but there is in fact a sense of sorrow for Malvolio as everyone is happy apart from him. This could show that there is no positives in disguise and eventually it will lead to a cruel ending in this case Malvolio suffered the consequences.

Mitosis and Meiosis essays

Mitosis and Meiosis essays Mitosis and Meiosis are alike in many ways essentially they are both forms of cellular reproduction. Both go through similar cellular division stages. Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis all occur in both Mitosis and Meiosis. Within each stage there are many similarities as well. In Prophase the cell wall begins to disintegrate, the nucleus disappears, chromosomes condense, spindles begin to from, and the kinetochores of the chromosomes start to mature. In Metaphase the kinetochores attach the chromosomes to the spindles. In Anaphase the kinetochores separate the chromosomes to opposite poles. Telophase the chromosomes reach the poles of the cells, the kinetochores disappear, and the nuclear membrane reappears. In mitosis and meiosis cytokinesis occurs. One of the stark contrasts of meiosis to mitosis is that in meiosis two stages of cellular division takes place. In the first stage chromosome replication occurs just like in mitosis but these chromosomes pair together and exchange genetic information, this process is called synapsis. The chromosomes then separate, but the replicated chromosomes do not split until the second stage of meiosis. Another difference is that reduction division takes place in meiosis, so as to ensure that the chromosome number remains stable. At the end of cellular division the chromosomes in meiosis are not identical, as they would be in mitosis. ...

Free Essays on Primary & Secondary Research

Introduction This paper will discuss the research applications within the organization of Bernards Brothers Construction. Bernards Brothers Construction was established in 1974 in San Fernando, California. Bernards Brothers went from a small general contractor to being one of the largest and most respectful construction firms today. Bernards Brothers is involved in many fields of constructing various types of buildings as well as different types of industries such as â€Å"education, entertainment, institutional, and public works facilities† (Bernards Brothers Corporation, 2003). â€Å"Never in its twenty-seven history have they been terminated or replaced by another firm or on any project or failed to complete a project† (Bernards Brothers Corporation, 2003). Bernards Brothers is currently active in many types of associations such as Coalition for Adequate School Housing, International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions, and Themed Entertainment Association as well as many other types of organizations. According to Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, the definition of primary marketing is â€Å"information specifically collected to solve a current problem† (Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, 1999, p. 220). The definition of secondary marketing is â€Å"information that has been collected or published already† (Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, 1999, p. 220). Prior to these types of marketing some factors must be taken place such as primary data. Primary data is obtaining surveys, conducting phone surveys, or group interviews. Secondary data is obtaining data from the universities, Internet, or the government. Secondary data is also obtaining information from within the company such as intranet, reports, people, or sales. Bernards Brothers Corporation utilizes primary data by obtaining information from their customers by conducting phone surveys. Phone surveys and questionnaires are a relatively easy way to get information in a non-threatening... Free Essays on Primary & Secondary Research Free Essays on Primary & Secondary Research Introduction This paper will discuss the research applications within the organization of Bernards Brothers Construction. Bernards Brothers Construction was established in 1974 in San Fernando, California. Bernards Brothers went from a small general contractor to being one of the largest and most respectful construction firms today. Bernards Brothers is involved in many fields of constructing various types of buildings as well as different types of industries such as â€Å"education, entertainment, institutional, and public works facilities† (Bernards Brothers Corporation, 2003). â€Å"Never in its twenty-seven history have they been terminated or replaced by another firm or on any project or failed to complete a project† (Bernards Brothers Corporation, 2003). Bernards Brothers is currently active in many types of associations such as Coalition for Adequate School Housing, International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions, and Themed Entertainment Association as well as many other types of organizations. According to Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, the definition of primary marketing is â€Å"information specifically collected to solve a current problem† (Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, 1999, p. 220). The definition of secondary marketing is â€Å"information that has been collected or published already† (Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, 1999, p. 220). Prior to these types of marketing some factors must be taken place such as primary data. Primary data is obtaining surveys, conducting phone surveys, or group interviews. Secondary data is obtaining data from the universities, Internet, or the government. Secondary data is also obtaining information from within the company such as intranet, reports, people, or sales. Bernards Brothers Corporation utilizes primary data by obtaining information from their customers by conducting phone surveys. Phone surveys and questionnaires are a relatively easy way to get information in a non-threatening...

Brownings Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Brownings Plan - Case Study Example The operational efficiency and profitability of an organization is greatly related to its organizational structure. For the better functioning of the organization, the duties and responsibilities of each of the individuals in the organizations have to be clearly defined and implemented. The restructuring of the organizational structure will be capable of introducing new organizational culture in the firm. Division of work helps to avoid the waste of time and effort resulting from the inefficient operations of less experienced personnel. Thus by consulting with Howard, the firm is going for a restructure by implementing Likert Linking Pin Model. It is used to bring effective change in an organization by introducing team work. As per the model there will be several interrelated working units in the organization and these units will be linked through some individuals. These individuals are known as linking pins. The interrelated work units are formed in upper levels and lower levels. The member of a higher level unit will be the leader of the lower level unit. These people act as linking pins between the upper and lower groups. Thus he holds a dual task of leading his team and at the same time he has to represent his team and protect the interest of that team in the organization. Thus Likert Pin model focuses on the group relationship and these groups will lead the firm to progress. (Linking Pin Model). Organizational Culture, Planning and decision making: These three are the important factors for the success of an organization. When the organization is going through tough conditions, there is a need for organizational changes. Here Browning and Howard are going to implement Likert Plan. Selecting a plan for the restructuring is not a difficult task. But the implementation needs cautious steps. Here the organizational environment and culture has to play an important role. Every strategy will be changed according to the specific organizational climate. Otherwise there will not be desired output. Likewise the planning and decision making are other important factors. Implementation and controlling etc. should be done in this stage. Effectiveness of Browning's Plan in respect of principles of organizational culture: Organizational culture plays a very important role in human system. The culture of a group means the sample of some assumptions that the group learned and solved the problem of external alteration and internal amalgamation. In organizational culture, values are already declared and some values are assumable ones. In the society, the history of the group consists of many stories and mythology. In organization people interact with each other, with outsiders and the surroundings. The organizational culture concentrates on the human side of the organizational life and it creates the significance of suggest a system to promote the people jointly work together and accomplish the desired objectives. This approach needs members. The members consist of leaders. Leaders have a specialized skill and behavior. They recognize the impact of their behavior in the organizationa

The Suicide of Willy Loman Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Suicide of Willy Loman - Research Paper Example As an elderly male, he fits into a category that has a lot of suicidal cases. Willy reveals that he has lost his purpose and has placed his hopes on his sons, meaning his life should be ended so that the insurance money gives them a chance. Willy Loman takes his life because he is depressed, he has lost his job and his hope for his own future, and believes that in ending his life he is giving his sons a future through the life insurance company. According to Cafferty and Lerner, â€Å"When we meet Willy at the beginning of the play, he is worn-out, sad, and confused† (90). Willy has gone through a series of events that have made him feel like he is out of options. He has always seen his life as it should have been, rather than as it has been, and regrets what he could not accomplish, while also blaming everyone else for the reasons that he never achieved what he felt he should have achieved. It seems that Willy has always been sad and frustrated. He envies others and is never happy with his own life. Something as simple as the refrigerator that his neighbor owns brings him a great deal of unhappiness, as he feels his own one does not equal that level of quality he expects. He says, â€Å"I told you we should’ve bought a well-advertised machine. Charley bought a General Electric and it’s twenty years old, and it’s still good, that son of a bitch† (Miller 56-57). ... Biff says, â€Å"I’m thirty-four years old, I oughta be makin’ my future. That’s when I come running home. And now, I get here and I don’t know what to do with myself. [after a pause] I’ve always made a point of not wasting my life, and every time I come back here I know that all I’ve done is waste my life† (Miller and Sterling 52). Cafferty and Lerner state that â€Å"The sons, Biff and Happy, inherit their fathers worst qualities, the various tensions between them leave plenty of scope for all sorts of analysis†, which is evident in this statement by Biff. Biff cannot be satisfied by his work because he reflects the expectations that Loman has about making money (82). Because Biff witnessed his father having an affair while he was still in high school, the way he idolized his father was shattered, leaving him adrift in the world and picking up on the worst of Willy’s sense of failure. According to Gale, â€Å"The betra yal resonated with Biff his whole life and created a sense of distrust between father and son†. This distrust deflated Biff’s sense of self, as he had framed his life through Willy’s beliefs. When he saw his father as imperfect, those beliefs dissolved. He became the part of Willy that could not find the key to success. Willy has aged past his dreams now, his depression is a common problem amongst older adults, as he has past the point of being able to chase most of his dreams. He now looks towards his sons to carry on his hopes. By killing himself, he believes to support their futures. Scogin states that â€Å"Older adults have the highest rates of suicide of any age group, and this is particularly pronounced among men". Willy represents some of the reasons for the sense of

Finance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Finance Management - Essay Example The paper also assesses loans for the investment proposal and two suitable alternatives have been discussed. Analysis of Current Financial Performance: Ratio analysis has been used here to identify the company’s position in terms of the profitability, efficiency, liquidity and financial structure. (Drury, 2005) Here the paper analyses the financial results of the four divisions over the past three years, based on which the business improvements in terms of the aid planning, control and performance management in the future have been discussed. The results are as discussed below: Profitability: Based on the profitability ratios, it has been noted that the Quality Product Division has seen an improvement in terms of the net profit margins. The company has moved from a loss to a profit of almost 3.36% which shows growth. Also the Return on Equity has also grown from a negative result in 2007 to almost10% which is close to the company’s required rate of return. The gross pro fit margin for the company however has been stable. Quality Products Division

Melbourne Airport Runway Essay Example for Free

Melbourne Airport Runway Essay Rules and regulations serve as guide the aviation industry to promote the sole standards in the provision of the services and standards for location quality which are essential for the travelers. The service that is being offered should be valued in the same way as the physical locale for operation. Runways for the air vessel, more than just a strip of land solely functioning for the launch of air vehicle, is a subject for continuous planning, development and safety maintenance to respond with the growing demand for aerial transportation. Aside from the fact that airports represent a huge investment for capital that can range to the actual building of facilities, it can also support many employments outside its function such as the industry for taxi and delivery companies. It remained tough for commercial or even private airports and for the whole Aviation System of any flight to make sure that transferring from domestic to international sections was a breeze. Most people who are using the services of airport do not have any actual idea how complex the functions are being carried out and how important the impacts of airports as a community service provider can have in a society. Moreover, airports are part of transportation systems, thus, aviation activity defines portion of the economy as it acts to be vital in distribution process especially when it serves as a link between the producers and consumers. Melbourne Airport, sometimes called Tullamarine Airport, serves the second busiest city of Australia therefore we can expect heightened standard to be sufficient for the service demand. Melbourne’s Central Business District is the home of Melbourne airport which complements with its closest neighbor Avalon since they are about 40 km. apart. Their distance makes competition not necessary. Airports are vital assets making them look forward to the goal of having direct flights instead of passing through Sydney. The Government (national and local) is pushing for maximizing profits by promoting economic actions among the airports. Across Australia, it is apparent that the objectives of these companies are partly relative with the economic activity of their region. The ways their community responds to the quality of their service largely affect the standard being applied on their planning and strategies (Winston and de Rus 2008: 75-77). Background: Initiatives for development As shown in Melbourne Airport’s Master Plan (2008), they were preparing their aviation system to respond for the anticipated growth in the following 20 years therefore, they fortified agreements and legal relationship with the State departments. They wished to expand their service coverage as they were able to secure development pace with geographic control. Available lands, equipped with expansion and commercial potentials, surround the operational territory and they were subject for acquisition. Melbourne Airport, dubbed as a city inside a city for its dynamic location, handles its vast land area which has portions highly available for commercial purposes. With the location’s accessibility from the metropolitan primary locations, their property promised a wide range of opportunity for business partners. As per Melbourne Airport (2009), they also look forward to possible expansions and strategies for its further development for their long term goals as a commercial institution servicing over 22 million passengers and travelers per year in average. The business park, occupying the area for per, are became the home of initiatives for this development. How relevant is this expansion and development plan by Melbourne Airport? This move shows a particular necessity for the airport to adapt to the changing demand in the capacity of passengers. For example, according to Orlando Business Journal (2010) with the return of US Airways to them, the volume of passengers went up 75% compared to the volume last year. The strategy and hard work of the airport’s marketing department shows positive results. Materials and Methods: Melbourne Airport’s Master Plan 2008 In accordance to Part 5, Division 1, Section 67 of Airports Act of 1996, Melbourne Airport proposed their most recent Master plan last 2008 after the 2003 version which showcase the future development and strategic direction for commercial and aircraft operations of the airport and in the same year, The Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government approved the proposal tackling the future capacity. Runways design seems to be one of the key considerations in making the master plan. The plan is set to work in the following decades thus, it is important to see how the runways are to be set in the future in compliance to the goal of its expansion, and development. The actual situation of the runway system, the pace of increasing volume of demand for it, and the structure framed in the plan should be analyzed to see its complementarities with the operational goal of the airport. Discussion: the Master plan for Runways and Facilities The master plan is not just a way to maximize the capability and function of the airport site in the present or to respond with the present requirement of the aviation systems, instead, it is a set of projected ideas for their long term goal of ultimate development. The Melbourne Airport currently has two runways, the North-South (16/34) and East-West (09/27), which are intersecting in directions and have taxiways and apron areas associated with each. In response to the volume of demand, apparent to their recent master plan, Melbourne Airport aimed to accommodate transportation functions faster. Runways (16/34 and 09/27) are planned to maximize runway capacity while waiting for the completion of the third runway by having taxiways for rapid exit and make 09/27 runway extended to the western side(Melbourne Airport 2008: 51-52). In totality, the plan included adding gates for passenger aircraft and apron areas, construction of a new runway with corresponding taxiways and upgrading both domestic and international terminals. The new runway is planned to be put west of the 16/34 runway in the early part to middle part of 2020’s as projected. They also project that it will not be completed and it is not yet necessary to have that added runway prior to 2020 at least, around 2017. The plan required computerized analysis of physical elements such as weather (particularly, the direction of the wind current), vessel type, length required for the runway and separations of aircraft, relative to the runway operations to end up having the closest to accurate design for its efficiency (Melbourne Airport 2008: 52-53). International Air Transport Association (IATA) has the standard that is followed by Melbourne Airport with the design of their terminal facilities. The level of Standard (LOS) ranges from ‘A’ being excellent to ‘F’ being the unacceptable quality (de Neufville 2010). Planning requires designs as designing the roads and terminals required well-defined standards and criteria to follow. In the Master Plan, Melbourne Airport (2008) specified the LOS to Level ‘C’ which indicates the standard minimum of service with acceptable comfort and service or flight delay but guaranteed a stable flow. While the terminals are based in IATA criteria, Melbourne Airport designed their roads using the Austroad’s Guide to road design which deals largely on its geometric elements and roadside considerations. Economic impact and Projected Effects The efficiency of Melbourne Airport relies on its interdependent functional elements which includes the function of facilities and the rest of the airport site. The measure of its effects can be seen in its contribution to the economic development. With the periodical study of the pace of passenger volume growth from 2007, the increase is steady among their passengers. As cited from Melbourne Airport Data, the international Passenger Transfers, as varied every 3 to 4 years, is increasing by 0. 2 million, thus it project that by 2017, the international traveler movement will be 7. 1 million. This is where the Master plan is intended for. This amount of people will contribute to the billion dollars tourism industry of Victoria which is believed to have an indirect relative to the quality of air transportation access (Sinclair Knight Merz 2008: 12-13). Aside from movement of people, air transportations are also beneficial for trades and commerce particularly with the function of importations and exportations of goods and raw materials. Melbourne Air’s goal to increase their capacity by maximizing runways complements with the purpose of trade. Airfreights’ volume is determined directly by the number of vessels capable of carrying them. Geographic elements remained to be the prime and competitive advantage of Melbourne Airport. It also has the initial advantage of established high number of locations for their services worldwide (Sinclair Knight Merz 2008: 18). Conclusion The initiative of Melbourne Airport in designing a plan to serve for its long term goals manifests a strong potential for future development in their vital service functions in which the travelers can look forward to. The runway, being the starting point of any travel defines the quality of the engineering, logistics and designing capability of the airport institution so it contributes to promoting the impression of the public. Any initiative done with careful and strategic planning should result to beneficial and continuous flow of economic elements. The trend in making sophisticated runway can be partially contributed by the evolutionary changes in sophisticated aircraft but far from that, it is important to value the projects implemented for the improvement of the runway facilities for the evolutionary changes in the way of the people in dealing with trades, commerce and tourism. List of References Winston, C. and de Rus, G. (2008). ‘Aviation Infrastructure Performance’. The Brookings Institution. [17 May 2010] Melbourne Airport. (2008). ‘Master Plan’. Melbourne Airport. [17 May 2010] Melbourne Airport. (2009). ‘Property’. Australia Pacific Airports (Melbourne) Pty Ltd. [online] available from http://www. melbourneairport. com. au/For -Business/Property/Overview. html[17 May 2010] Orlando Business Journal. (2010). ‘Melbourne Airport’s Passenger Traffic Up’. American city Business Journals, Inc. [online] available fromhttp://www. bizjournals. com/orlando/stories/2010/04/19/daily42. html [17 May 2010] de Neufville, R. (2010). ‘Defining Capacity of Airport Passenger Buildings’. [online] available from ardent. mit. edu/airports/ASP_current /Defining_Capacity04. pdf[17 May 2010] Sinclair Knight Merz. (2008). ‘the Economic Impact of Melbourne Airport’. Sinclair Knight Merz Pty. Ltd. [17 May 2

Metamorphosis of the Family in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Essay

The Metamorphosis of the Family Before the caterpillar can transform into a butterfly, it must go through a metamorphosis. The cocoon in which the caterpillar hibernates is in fact just a conveyance towards another life form. Gregor, in Franz Kafka's novella The Metamorphosis, is similarly a vehicle for such an important transformation, in this case the reformation of his family. The metamorphosis of Gregor facilitates the gradual change of his entire family, demonstrating that an outside source is sometimes needed in order to push people out of stagnation and into life. Before the family members begin to make their transformations, they rely heavily on Gregor. The dutiful son sets out to provide for his family after the failure of his father's business. He secures a decent job and the family gladly accepts this new way of life, with a steady income and means of support. Over time, "they had simply got used to it, both the family and Gregor; the money was gratefully accepted and gladly given, but there was no special uprush of warm feeling" (95). Each member of the family becomes accustomed to an easy life in which needs and wants are provided for. This routine causes the individuals in the family to stagnate and live unproductively. The family begins to follow a path of existentialism because of what their lives have become. Existentialism entails taking responsibility for one's own actions and finding meaning in life. Through the course of the novel, the family proceeds from a state of senselessness to a gradual form of existentialism. In the beginning, the lives of the family members mean nothing and have no purpose. They are not individuals, but rather mindless drones who take advantage of a convenient situation... ...ther, and daughter emerging arm in arm" (11). Gregor's death is a necessary sacrifice, for it is through his loss of humanity that his family is able to find humanity of their own. He forces them to understand their environment and their role in society, creating meaning in their lives. The transformation of Gregor is a catalyst for the gradual metamorphosis of each member of his family, illustrating the importance of discovering purpose in one's life. In order to truly experience life, people must find meaning in it. However, sometimes it is only through the changes of another, in this case Gregor, that people themselves begin to transform. The sacrifice of Gregor allows his family to leave its protective cove and journey out into the world, discovering what life has to offer. Works Cited: Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. Mattituck: Vanguard Press, 1946.

The Guardians

The Guardians by Ana Castillo, is a promising and highly recommended novel set in times when people were demonized strictly for being brown. It takes place along the borderlands and in New Mexico where it follows a strong independent woman who is on a desperate path to find her lost brother Rafa who she believes has been captured by the coyotes. The story goes into depth during undocumented times when the border was a fearful place where friends and family were frequently disappearing and woman are being raped or stolen for their organs. It shows her path towards finding her brother ot only for herself but for the sake of other loved ones. Where disfigured souls attempt to put themselves back together and search for love once lost. The story is told from four distinctive perspectives: Regina, who searches for her brother after awaiting his arrival in the United States. Gabo, Rafa’s 16-year-old son who becomes highly interested in gang members which give him a strong sense of belonging. Miguel, Regina’s love interest who seems in search of a confidence boost to approach her. Then El Abuelo Milton, a difficult and sour viejito who pressures his grandson Miguel into action. Each character givers their own personal incite on the depth of every situation and works collectively together for readers to see the broken vision of humanity. Regina was widowed even before she actually married her fiance, and had just nicely settled into being a teacher’s aide and guardian of Gabo although she knew from now on life would never quite be the same. She tries to get her brother to permanently stay with her in the United States but he insists that he will only stay until he has enough money to build him and his family a house for themselves in Mexico. Regina is clearly he heart and soul of the novel, making her voice heard among the others and independently setting out on a search towards redemption. She seems to be skeptical of religious views of the church yet finds herself in a compassionate hold on people who have hurt her the most. She is secure in her own skin and acts as though she can play any role yet deep inside she needs help just as any other individual would. She commits herself to playing the role of his guardian, both mother and father, yet in reality finds it hard to commit herself to being tough towards Gabo because he has a mind of his own. She is a tough defender of her family and property to ensure that nothing happens that could have been prevented. She struggles to understand Gabo’s way, which applies to any parent trying to make sense of senseless teenagers. Yet she understands that even in tough times she must hold herself together to keep the closest thing she has to family from falling apart. From her ongoing search for her brother Rafa to her realization that the border treats everyone in a different way. Whether you’re religious views agree or differ. She seems to be a modern heroine along with the help of Miguel and Gabriel to ome upon a coyote’s house in El Paso. It happens to be where the disappeared women have been forced to stay and unfortunately also the place where her brother was killed by the coyotes. Gabriel, the 16-year-old son of Rafa, Regina’s brother is a hard-headed youth with a mind of his own. Set out to become Christ-like, he dreams of an eventual life in the clergy where his mind set will allow him to preach on others with the same religious view of life. With his strong life values Regina tries to talk him out of his bad choice of friends but soon comes to realize he is only searching for a brush of comfort in which he an call a group his â€Å"family† because of the one he lacks. Without Regina and his father he would be homeless and left to conquer the world on his own at such a young ago. In his desperate attempt to regain the love and care of his father him and his aunt set out on a adventure along with the help of Miguel, Miguel’s father Abuelo Milton and some of his gang banger friends. Him and his aunt Regina develop a strong sense of friendship while working close in the search for his father who they believe have been taken by coyotes just as his mother was seven years ago. They found her body disembellished in he desert where her organs were stolen and her body was mutilated beyond belief. Throughout the journey Gabo remains with no papers to make him legal the United States, yet the border control has no problems letting him come back and forth between Mexico and America with the help of his friends. In which Gabo eventually faces the troubles that comes along with dealing with the coyotes and the law. That ends with Gabo â€Å"Making a pact with the devil†. Regina and Gabo were evidently at the heart of this story in the pursuit to find their Brother/Father. Regina started off as a widowed women who was only left with er brother and nephew. Where their voyage begins on finding their loved one rafa, the only hope they have left of having a family. Gabo goes through the roughest times on the journey for his father. Gabo faces the realness of the boarder physically and consciously where he is able to go back and forth with ease but emotionally he struggles more then anything. Living in a town so close to the border comes with its difficulties within their own community and the citizens living there and the judgment that is passed around. To only find that people have their own story behind their talk The guardians is an admirable novel that shows the accurate role of the struggles family’s face everyday of living aside the borderlands. This novel shows the true story of the hardship people face on the daily basis that just over passes citizens even in your own town. Where an independent citizen can overcome her struggles to over pass the fears of life and stand strong to become a admirable member of their community. The novel conveys a unique delivery of a examination of what truly makes up a family, Where we can discover faith through the battle of conflicts emotionally and physically.

Directory Viruses

There are many ways to sabotage a computer. Some malicious programs create software that automatically replicates itself and spreads throughout a computer's file system to destroy it later. One of these virus types is called the Directory Virus. From its name itself, one can know that it attacks the directory and file system of a computer. The computer uses a large file that contains information about its subdirectories and files. It includes information such as the starting cluster, the name, the time and date it was created or modified, attributes such as being read-only, and other information.Every time a file needs to be accessed, it searches for the directory entry and the starting cluster, an index to the File Allocation Table or FAT. All the other cluster addresses are in the FAT. So a Directory Virus infects clusters and allocates it in the FAT. It then targets other clusters and infects other files. The destructive code is usually with executable files such as the ones endin g with . EXE or . COM. The location or paths to the computer's files will then be changed by the Directory Virus so that it can infect other files.This will be done transparently, without the user's knowledge, until the original files will be impossible to find. Eventually, the user's files become useless (Spam Laws, 2009). In May 1991, the DIR II virus was discovered first in Bulgaria. It is also known as Creeping Death and was written by the same programmers who coded the DIR, MG and Shake viruses. At that time, it was considered to be unique since directory viruses were still unknown. It changed directory entries only and did not change the files (Hypponen, 2010).It was eventually followed by variants such as the DIR III and DIR BYWAY viruses. The BYWAY virus appeared first in mid 1995 in Venezuala, but was possibly authored by a Chinese programmer named Wai Chan since the code is signed â€Å"By Wai Chan† (PR Newswire, 1995). It is similar to the DIR II family of viruses but alters the technique slightly by modifying directories and cross linking executable files to point to a file named CHKLISTx. MSx, containing the viral code (Paris, 2010).The BYWAY virus has an interesting story since it reveals that people from different countries often disguise themselves using other countries. The Chinese search engine, Baidu, for example was attacked by malware that showed an Iranian flag, but Baidu doubts that it was Iranian. They believe that it was American hackers who did it. In the same way, the BYWAY virus claims that it was authored by Wai Chan on August 1994. And then when the virus is triggered, it pops out a message saying, â€Å"Trabajemos Todos Por Venezuela† which means, â€Å"We are all working for Venezuela.†It also plays music simultaneously, mimicking the Venezuelan national anthem. But it is likely that the real author is neither Venezuelan nor Chinese since crooks are not likely to leave their calling cards at the scene of the crime. It is also possible to remove the virus without using disinfecting software. Simply rename all . COM and . EXE files with non-executable extensions. The virus will automatically correct the FAT. Then reboot using a clean boot disk to remove the virus in memory, and rename everything back to its executable extensions.Do this for all hard disk partitions and the virus will be removed. Unfortunately, because viruses are popularly known to wreak havoc on computers, there is an urban myth propagating in the world that every time a PC doesn't work properly, it is always caused by a virus (Rutter, 1999). However, the fact is that not all PC problems are caused by viruses. There may be manufacturer bugs in the software or incompatibility issues with the hardware or software. Or the computer may simply be malfunctioning like any other electronic device that eventually fails.

Free Essays on Western Imperialism

Western Imperialism Western Imperialism had a tremendous impact on the continent of Africa. This nineteenth century imperialism often referred to as the â€Å"scramble for Africa† was the second phase of exploitation in Africa, enacted by Europeans. In the late nineteenth century European powers had carved and colonized almost every country in Africa besides Ethiopia and Liberia. Imperialism subjugated African resources to every extent. The main impact that imperialism had on the continent of Africa was felt by the native people. Europeans took advantage of the African’s labor and created an industry of atrocious working conditions, soaring taxes and violated humanitarian rights. Thereafter there was the intrusion of English law and language in Africa, upsetting African societies. The natives not only had to struggle to preserve their beliefs and languages, their land was also in jeopardy. European settlers were gradually seizing the land of the natives. These land conflicts often led to the violent rebellions of native tribes with European settlers; however these wars were often unsuccessful. The recruitment of soldiers for European wars was targeted toward natives; this was an enormous impact on Africa. European recruitment often came in the form of slave raiding; this system snatched men away from their families all over the continent Africa. Blacks served as soldiers of wars and large numbers of the m died in wars that existed between Europeans such as the Dutch and the British, although the conflicts existed between whites. The main resources that the Europeans sought after were gold, ivory, diamonds, rubber and palm oil. Palm oil was used for European textiles, guns and manufactured goods. Gold and ivory and other metals were traded and brought great prosperity to West African nations. Native Africans were often disregarded, especially when conferences were held that decided land and resources which, natives were n... Free Essays on Western Imperialism Free Essays on Western Imperialism Western Imperialism Western Imperialism had a tremendous impact on the continent of Africa. This nineteenth century imperialism often referred to as the â€Å"scramble for Africa† was the second phase of exploitation in Africa, enacted by Europeans. In the late nineteenth century European powers had carved and colonized almost every country in Africa besides Ethiopia and Liberia. Imperialism subjugated African resources to every extent. The main impact that imperialism had on the continent of Africa was felt by the native people. Europeans took advantage of the African’s labor and created an industry of atrocious working conditions, soaring taxes and violated humanitarian rights. Thereafter there was the intrusion of English law and language in Africa, upsetting African societies. The natives not only had to struggle to preserve their beliefs and languages, their land was also in jeopardy. European settlers were gradually seizing the land of the natives. These land conflicts often led to the violent rebellions of native tribes with European settlers; however these wars were often unsuccessful. The recruitment of soldiers for European wars was targeted toward natives; this was an enormous impact on Africa. European recruitment often came in the form of slave raiding; this system snatched men away from their families all over the continent Africa. Blacks served as soldiers of wars and large numbers of the m died in wars that existed between Europeans such as the Dutch and the British, although the conflicts existed between whites. The main resources that the Europeans sought after were gold, ivory, diamonds, rubber and palm oil. Palm oil was used for European textiles, guns and manufactured goods. Gold and ivory and other metals were traded and brought great prosperity to West African nations. Native Africans were often disregarded, especially when conferences were held that decided land and resources which, natives were n...

Philip Webb, About the Architect of Arts Crafts

Philip Webb, About the Architect of Arts Crafts Philip Speakman Webb (born January 12, 1831 in Oxford, England) is often called the father of the Arts Crafts Movement, along with his friend William Morris  (1834-1896). Famous for his comfortable, unpretentious country homes, Philip Webb also designed furniture, wallpaper, tapestries, and stained glass. As an architect, Webb is best-known for his unconventional country manor homes and urban terraced houses (townhouses or row houses). He embraced the vernacular, choosing the comfortable, traditional, and functional instead of conforming to the ornate Victorian ornamentation of the day. His homes expressed traditional English building methods- red brick, sash windows, dormers, gables, steep-sloped roofs, and tall Tudor-like chimneys. He was a pioneering figure in the English Domestic Revival Movement, a Victorian residential movement of grand simplicity. Although influenced by medieval styles and the Gothic Revival movement, Webbs highly original, yet practical designs became the germ of modernism. Webb grew up in Oxford, England, at a time when buildings were being remodeled with the latest machine-made materials instead of being restored and preserved with original materials- a childhood experience that would influence the direction of his lifes work. He studied at Aynho in Northamptonshire and trained under John Billing, an architect in Reading, Berkshire, who specialized in traditional building repairs. He became a junior assistant for the office of George Edmund Street, working on churches in Oxford and becoming close friends with William Morris (1819-1900), who also was working for G. E. Street. As young men, Philip Webb and William Morris became associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Movement, a brotherhood of painters and poets who defied the artistic trends of the day and championed the philosophies of social critic John Ruskin (1819-1900). By the mid-19th century, the anti-establishment themes expressed by John Ruskin were taking hold across Britains intelligentsia. The societal ills resulting from Britains Industrial Revolution inspired the backlash, expressed by the likes of author Charles Dickens and architect Philip Webb. Arts and Crafts was a movement first and not simply an architectural style- the Arts and Crafts Movement was a reaction to the mechanization and dehumanization of the Industrial Revolution. Web was among the founders of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner Company, a decorative arts hand-crafting studio founded in 1851. What became Morris Co., the anti-machine-age supplier specialized in handmade stained glass, carving, furniture, wallpaper, carpets, and tapestries. Webb and Morris also founded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB) in 1877. While associated with Morris company, Webb designed household furnishings and, no doubt, contributed to the evolution of what became known as the Morris Chair. Webb is particularly famous for his table glassware, stained glass, jewelry, and his rustic carvings and adaptations of Stuart period furniture. His interior decorative accessories in metal, glass, wood and embroidery are still found in the residences he built- the Red House has hand-painted glass by Webb. About the Red House: Webbs first architectural commission was the Red House, William Morriss eclectic country home in Bexleyheath, Kent. Built with and for Morris between 1859 and 1860, the Red House has been called the first step toward the modern house- architect John Milnes Baker has quoted German architect Hermann Muthesius as calling the Red House the very first example in the history of the modern house. Webb and Morris designed an interior and exterior that was unified in theory and design.  Incorporating contrasting materials such as white interior walls and bare brickwork, natural and traditional design and construction were modern (and ancient) ways to create the harmonious home. Many photos of the house are from the backyard, with the homes L-shaped design wrapping around a cone-roofed well and natures own garden. The front is on the short side of the L, accessed from the backyard by walking through the rear red brick arch, down a corridor, and to the front hallway near the square stairs in the crook of the L. Webb defied using one architectural style- is it Tudor? Gothic Revival?- and combined traditional building elements to create a simplified, livable space, inside and out. Architectural ownership of both interior and exterior space would in time influence the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) and what became known as the American Prairie Style. Built-in furniture and hand-crafted, custom-made furnishings became hallmarks of British Arts Crafts, American Craftsman, and Prairie Style homes. Webbs Influence on Domestic Architecture: After the Red House, Webbs most notable designs of the 1870s include No. 1 Palace Green and No. 19 Lincolns Inn Fields in London, Smeaton Manor in North Yorkshire, and Joldwynds in Surrey. Webb was the only Pre-Raphaelite to design a church, St. Martins Church in Brampton, 1878. The church includes a set of stained glass windows designed by Edward Burne-Jones and executed in the Morris companys studios. The Arts Crafts movement in the United Kingdom had a great influence on American Craftsman architecture as well as furniture makers such as Gustav Stickley (1858-1942) in the United States. Stickleys Craftsman Farms in New Jersey is considered the best example of original architecture from the American Craftsman movement. One look at Webbs Coneyhurst on the Hill, built in 1886 in Surrey, reminds us of Americas Shingle style homes- the simplicity of domesticity had become gentrified; the grandness contrasts with the small cottages inhabited by the working class. The Clouds House in Wiltshire, finished by Webb that same year, 1886, would not be out of place as a summer cottage in Newport, Rhode Island. In West Sussex, England,  Standen House with Morris Co. interiors could have been another Stanford White design like Naumkeag, an American Shingle Style summer home in the hills of Massachusetts. The name of Philip Webb may not be well-known, yet Webb is considered one of Britains most important architects. His residential designs influenced domestic architecture on at least two continents- in the US and Britain. Philip Webb died April 17, 1915 in Sussex, England. Learn More: John Ruskin, Todays 19th Century CriticTextiles of the Arts and Crafts MovementPhilip Webb: Pioneer of Arts Crafts Architecture by Sheila Kirk, 2005Arts and Crafts Architecture: History and Heritage in New England by Maureen Meister, 2014Clouds: Biography of a Country House by Caroline Dakers, Yale University Press, 1993 Source: American House Styles by John Milnes Baker, Norton, 1994, p. 70